Learn mean
The mean is the arithmetic average of a data set. It represents an equal-share value found by combining every value and dividing by the number of values.
You will calculate the mean and decide when it is a useful summary.
The idea in plain English
The mean is the equal-share average. Imagine pooling all the values, then sharing the total evenly.
One unusually large or small value can pull the mean toward it.
How to recognise this kind of question
- The question says mean or average.
- You have a list of numerical values.
- You need one number that balances the data.
Quick decision: Add every value, then divide by how many values there are.
The method
- Add every value in the data set, carefully preserving negative signs.
- Count how many values are in the set.
- Divide the total by the number of values.
- Check that the mean is reasonable compared with the values in the set.
Worked examples
Find the mean: −6, 2, 7, 9
- Add the values: −6 + 2 + 7 + 9 = 12.
- There are 4 values.
- Divide: 12 ÷ 4 = 3.
Answer: 3
Find the mean of 4, 6, 8, 22.
- Add: 4 + 6 + 8 + 22 = 40.
- There are 4 values, so 40 ÷ 4 = 10.
- Notice that 22 pulls the mean upward.
Answer: 10
Your turn—with help
Find the mean of 5, 7, 7, 9.
Need a hint?
Count the values as well as adding them.
Show the answer and steps
- Add: 5 + 7 + 7 + 9 = 28.
- Count 4 values.
- 28 ÷ 4 = 7.
Answer: 7
Watch out for this mistake
Incorrect: Mean of 2, 5, 8 is 15
Why it fails: 15 is only the total; it has not been shared among the three values.
Do this instead: Divide 15 by 3 to get a mean of 5.
Quick check
Try these without looking. Then open each answer to check your thinking.
Mean of 2, 4, 6
Need a hint?
Add, then divide by 3.
Show the answer and steps
- 2 + 4 + 6 = 12.
- 12 ÷ 3 = 4.
Answer: 4
Mean of 10, 10, 14, 18
Need a hint?
There are 4 values.
Show the answer and steps
- Total = 52.
- 52 ÷ 4 = 13.
Answer: 13
Mean of 3, 7
Need a hint?
Two values share their total.
Show the answer and steps
- 3 + 7 = 10.
- 10 ÷ 2 = 5.
Answer: 5
Common mistakes
- Dividing before all values have been added.
- Forgetting to include a negative sign in the total.
- Dividing by the range instead of the number of values.
- Counting a repeated value only once.
Practice tips
- Pair positive and negative values that combine conveniently.
- Write the sum and count on separate lines before dividing.
- Estimate the answer before calculating to catch sign errors.